Japanese Words
Aage - to lift or raise from a low to a high position, rising age - tsuki rising punch ai - harmony, union, love aka - red ashi - foot or leg ashikubi - Ankle aswatte - sit; sitting position atama - head BBodhidharma (Daruma, Damo) - a Buddhist religious teacher (460-535 AD) who came to China from India. He taught "Chan" (Zen) to the monks in the "Small Forest Temple" [Shaolin-si]. Bodhidharma developed exercises to help the monks stay in shape and learn proper breathing methods. He is credited with the creation of an unarmed fighting system which became the basis for the majority of the Chinese martial arts. bo - long wooden staff (a weapon); see also kun boken - wooden sword shaped like a katana bu - combat budo - military way; martial way or martial art, the way of fighting/combat bunkai - analysis; "with attackers" bushi - warrior bushido - way (spirit) of the warrior, code of honor and social behavior, warrior moral way chinto - fifth kata chu - middle; center chudan - midsection, center area chudan tsuki - center punch chudan uke - center block
Ddachi - stance daito - large sword Daruma (Damo) - see Bodhidharma dan - black belt
dansuki continuous dao (do, tao) - the 'Way' (In Chinese Wushu, Dao constitutes fundamental movements equivalent to Karate Kata) deshi - disciple, pupil (term normally only used for the most serious of pupils selected by the master who will be expected to carry on the art as it was taught to them after their passing) do - the 'Way'; path (e.g. karate-do way of karate; bushi-do way of the warrior; bu-do way of combat; ko-bu-do [ko = small] refers to the small ancient Okinawan martial arts schools of jutsu and ryu and also refers to all martial disciplines which use unconventional Okinawan weapons; Iai-do way of drawing the sword ) dojo - "place for studying the Way", training hall of all martial arts (Budo), karate school. domo arigato - "thank you very much" Eenbusen - foot pattern of kata; starting & finishing point of kata empi - elbow empi uchi - elbow strike escrima stick - wooden rods (weapons); fighting sticks with Philippine origins Ffudoshin (fudo-no-seishin) - 'Body like a rock' / 'Immutable in heart'- that state in which a mind, imperturbable, is not troubled by anything external. a state where a person remains calm, serene and knows no fear when faced with danger, aggression or situations out of their control. It is total impassivity before the hazards of life. This concept was expressed by Zen monk Takuan Zenshi (who developed the concept of mushin) and developed by Miyamoto Musashi the famous samurai. fumi-komi - geri stamping kick fumi waza - stamping techniques Funakoshi Gichin (1869-1957) - The Okinawan founder of modern day karate and creator of the Shotokan style of Japanese Karate. He began his martial arts training with the study of Okinawan-te, which later became known as karate-te or karate jutsu. Karate jutsu translated as Kara(China) hand(te) art(jutsu). In 1921 Master Funakoshi demonstrated Karate to the Japanese prince Hirohito, and was invited to come to Japan teach the art to the Japanese. When Funakoshi moved to Japan, he changed the meaning of the name Karate by substituting the first character Kara(Chinese) for the one that meant "empty" [Empty Hand]. He brought 16 Okinawan Katas with him, and by 1936 had founded over 30 Japanese dojos. Ggedan - lower level, below the waist gedan bari - sweeping feet from under an opponent gedan tsuki - lower punch gedan uke - low block geri (keri) - kick
geta - clogs giri obligation - in the Ryu systems, an obligation made between a deshi and their Master (often on his deathbed) to devote their lives to preserve and hand down the integrity of the martial art they were taught. gi - karate uniform go - 5 (five) Goju-ryu Karate - school founded by Miyagi Chojun (1888-1953) in 1930. Master Miyagi was one of Tatsuo Shimabuku's master instructors. Master Shimabuku combining techniques learned from both the Goju-ryu and Shoren-ryu styles to create the Isshinryu system. gokurosan - "I thank you for doing what was expected" gomen nasai - "I'm sorry" or "excuse me" Gyaku - reverse Gyaku tsuki - Reverse punch Gyaku uke - reverse block Hhachi - 8 (eight) hachiji dachi - a firm attention-posture assumed before a contest while presenting one's-self and also used in Kata, open leg stance hachimaki - headband haishu - back hand haishu uchi - back hand strike haishu uke - back hand block haisoku - instep haito - ridge hand haito uchi - ridge hand strike, blow delivered with the index finger edge of the hand hajime - begin or start hakama - very wide pants that look like a skirt, traditional ceremonial costume of Japan, used in Kendo hangetsu dachi - (Sanchin dachi) hourglass stance; the posture of Sanchin with feet and knees turned in. hanshi - 'Master'; an honorary title given to the highest black belt grades, signifying their understanding of their art. hara - belly, the human body's center of gravity and the source of breath (energy), which is traditionally located about 4 centimeters below the navel. It is believed that this is where the profound vital force of ki's universal energy is found (see ki) heiko - dachi basic 'ready' position, feet parallel. heisoku - dachi a standing posture, feet joined together. hidari - left hira - flat (flat of the hand, top of the foot, all plane surfaces) hiraken - fore knuckle fist, a direct punch with the front of the fist facing the target hirate - flat hand hiki waki - draw hiza - knee hizo - small of back hontai - permanently awake and alert state of a fighter whose mind is unattached and remains clear and in control. "it reflects the unmoving mind, a mind clinging to no object". Iichi - 1 (one) ichiban first - #1, most, best, highest quality ippon - one full point, score ippon ken - one knuckle fist ippon kumite - one step (controlled) sparring ippon nukite - one finger spear hand Isshin-ryu - "one heart way", a system of Martial Arts Karate founded by Master Tatsuo Shimabuku. Jjo - short staff jodan - upper area jodan uke - upper block jodan age tsuki - upper punch ju - 10 (ten); gentle judo - the art of grappling and throwing ju-jutsu - "science of softness" jutsu technique - true (art or science) Kka - student (eg. karate-ka karate student) kai - society, party, meeting kai - (eg. kai ga aru ~ be worth while, be effective) kakato geri - a strike with the heel or foot kake - (kagi) hook kake dachi - hook stance kake geri - hook kick kake tsuki - curved hook punch (like used in boxing) kama - a kind of sickle used to cut rice, with a long handle. It was used at one time by the Okinawans to defend themselves against Samurai. kamae - (gamae) "guard", posture, stance (in Kendo) kami - hair kara - empty karate - (Kara) empty (Te) hand; The art of the empty hand karateka - anyone who trains in karatedo, whatever his or her rank kata - pre-arranged forms/sequences of formal exercise, designed to simulate an imaginary fight against attackers. All kata begins and ends with a bow to the master and his assistants. kata - shoulder kata garuma - throw performed in wansu and suansu kata katana - slightly curved long sword with one cutting edge, used by the Bushi and Samurai kekomi geri - thrust kick kempo (Chuan-fa) - "way of the fist"; a Chinese martial art, originally a fighting method, using no weapons, introduced into Okinawa just before 1600. ken fist - (also seiken) ken - sword kendo - "way of the sword"; a martial art of using the sword keri - (geri) kick (see geri) ki (qi / ch'i) - spirit, heart, feelings, mind - in martial arts, the controlled internal energy that can be focused and directed outward with explosive power. The concept of Ki is one of the most important in Eastern philosophy, it directly concerns everyone's life since it is nothing less than the vital universal energy of their life-force. The Ki originates in the human body in a point just below the navel known as the Hara. The nature of this fundamental creative energy, the divine 'universal breath' in all of us, can be projected outside oneself (by means of a Ki-ai for example). The Ki results from a potentiality of the universal energies. Whoever uses the power of Ki may do so in a positive or negative way. To unite the Ki with the Hara (the physical and psychological center of an individual), is synonymous with concentrating a subjective form of this universal energy within oneself. kiai - spirit shout or yell kihon - fundamental, basic movements in a martial arts system. kime - focus kin geri groin kick kiri - cutting action usually with Shinai or Katana (Kendo) kobudo - art of weapons; [ko = small] refers to the small ancient Okinawan martial arts schools of jutsu and ryu and also refers to all martial disciplines which use unconventional Okinawan weapons koken - bent wrist komei f- ighting posture konichiwa gazaimasu - "good afternoon" koshi - ball of foot ku - 9 (nine) kubotan - a short cylinder weapon shaped like a very thick pencil (often on a keychain) used to strike vital areas. kumade - bear paw hand kumite - sparring, fighting, attack, freestyle combat
kun - wood staff (a weapon); see also bo kusanku - name of kata kyoshi - a grad of 6th or 7th dan in the martial arts. It corresponds to a degree of perfection in the inward sense, and to expert instructors kyu - lower ranks of the martial arts (compare to dan) LMmai-ai - distancing; a concept of distance-time that separates two opponents. mae - front; forward mae geri - front kick; straight forward kick makiwara - striking post; striking pad, punching board mawashi - around mawashi geri- around kick; round-house kick mawashi tsuki- roundhouse punch migi - right mikazuki geri - crescent kick mitsu-tomoe - the union of the three energies of man, earth and sky in universal rotation. (Gi patch: symbol of Okinawa) Miyamoto Musashi (1584-1645) - the most famous Samurai of Japan. He was a student of his father Minisai Shinmen, who was defeated and killed by another expert swordsman. Miyamoto Musashi went on to perfect himself in the art of the sword, and then sought out his father's murderer. He quickly and effortlessly killed his enemy in a duel. He went on to teach his style(s) of swordsmanship. He also wrote two books: the Gorin-no-Sho (Book of Five Rings) a book about swordsmanship in the martial arts and the Dokukodo a work composed of 21 sections, devoted to the spirit of Bushido (the ethical code for warriors to follow). mizu - water mizu gami - water(sea) goddess, Isshin-ryu patch mokato - silence, meditation morote - double handed; two hands, both hands
mune - chest musubi dachi - relaxed position Nnaga - throw naga waza - throwing technique nakadate ippon ken - middle finger one knuckle punch naihanchi - third kata nami gaeishi - returning wave kick neko-ashi dachi - cat stance ni - 2 (two) nihon nukite - two finger spear hand nukite - spear hand nunchaku - a small wooden flail usually consisting of two pieces of wood connected by a double cord or chian used to beat rice straw. (a weapon) Oobi belt - also known as obie ogoshi - major hip throw ohayo gazaimasu - "good morning" oi tsuki - lunge punch Okinawa - The largest island of the Ryukyu archipelago south of Japan. It is famous for its martial arts techniques that became the origins of the art of Karate. Okinawan-te - the general name given to the martial arts techniques coming from Okinawa. onegaishimasu - "I make a request" osh - stop; see also yame osoto gari - major outside leg sweep or reap otoshi - dropping / descending otoshi uke - drop block o uchi gari - major inside leg sweep or reap P
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Rrandori - free exercise sparing (judo) rei - bow, respect
renzuki - alternating roko 6 (six) ryu style Ssai - short tri-prong Okinawan hand sword (a weapon) san - 3 (three) sanchin - eighth kata; "breathing kata" sanchin dachi - hourglass stance sayonara - good-bye or until next time seiken - forefist; straight forward punch seisan - first kata; "thirteen attackers" seisan dachi - basic stance; toe-to-heel stance seiuchin - second kata; "war kata" seiuchin dachi - horse stance or straddle stance; also known as shiko dachi seiza - kneeling position sempai - senior; senior student (see kohai) sensei - teacher shi - 4 (four) shiai - match; contest shichi - 7 (seven) shihan - master; teacher of teachers shin - heart or truth shinai - a sword consisting of 4 bamboo blades joined together at the tip and handle (Kendo) shinjitsu - truth, fact, reality shiro - white shitogi - uniform pants shobu - contest tactics shodai - title given to the founder of a Ryu system in the martial arts (also soke) shomen - front of dojo shotei - palm hand or palm heel strike shotei uke - palm heel block shuriken - throwing star shuto - knife hand simbon - head referee or judge soke - title given to the founder of a Ryu system in the martial arts (also sokei or shodai) suansu/sunsu - seventh kata; "strong man"/"iron man" suki - opening, (go back to the beginning and start again) suwate - sit or kneel down Ttachi (dachi) - to stand or remain standing, stances (see dachi) tai otoshi - body drop tamashiwara - breaking technique tatami - mat te - hand; see also tsuki tetsui - hammer fist tobi geri - jumping kick tomoe nage - (Judo) stomach or circle throw tonfa (tuifa) - Okinawan rice grinding millstone handle (a weapon used to defend against ) tsuki - hand; punch; also poke or thrust; see also te
Uuchi - strike
uke (Judo, Aikido) - the term used for the partner who attacks and is then thrown by the Tori/Nage. uke - (Karate) a defensive block
ukime - break falls
uraken - backfist strike ushiro - backward or behind ushiro geri - back kick ushiro empi uchi- backward elbow strike uwagi - uniform jacket V
Wwansu - fourth kata; "hidden fist" wasa ari - half point; compare with ippon waza - technique
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Yyame - stop; halt yang - active; masculine; hardness; light; heat; dryness; compare with yin yin - passive; femine; softness; dark; cold; wetness; compare with yang yoko - side yoko geri - side kick; side-blade kick yoko tobi geri - flying side kick yoshi - continue (used during a match) yubi - finger yubi waza - finger techniques yudansha - family of black belts
ZZuki - punch
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